小麦粉水分测定方法的比较

谷物中含有适量的水分，是维持其正常生命活动和保持其固有的色、香、味所必需的。因此，在谷物质量标准中，水分是重要的限制项目之一。国际、国内众多的检验标准中，谷物水分测定方法较多，目前我国的国家标准是于1985年制定的GB5497《粮食、油料检验水分测定法》，小麦粉的水分含量通常采用“105℃恒重法”和“定温定时烘干法”。     

正常妊娠和妊高征孕妇血清载脂蛋白AI和B含量的分件

用透射比浊法测定２８２例正常妊娠孕妇和５３例妊高征患者血浆载脂蛋白ＡＩ和Ｂ含量，结果表明正常妊娠孕妇血ＡＩ和Ｂ含量随孕周增加而逐渐稳步升高，至３６－３７孕周达高峰，３８周后虽有所下降但仍保持在较高水平；妊高征患者血ＡＩ和Ｂ含量明显地较正常妊娠孕妇高，且随病情加重而升高；ＡＩ／Ｂ值变化不明显，提示ＡＩ含量和Ｂ含量在正常妊娠孕妇和妊高征患者中的改变均是一致的。     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

半干旱区微集水系统土壤水分调控效果研究

分析了定西市安定区以隔坡水平阶为主体的径流调控工程和梯田(对照)的土壤水分与植被生长状况及11a累积土壤水分水量平衡特征。结果表明,隔坡水平阶工程保存完好,产流区(25m²)年均产流0.3m³,产沙3.96kg,被蓄水区全部拦蓄,有效控制了水土流失,增加了水资源量,缓解了林草植被水分供应不足状况。2m土层含水量与植被生长成反比。梯田土壤含水率最高,但农作物受旱减产最大;隔坡水平阶产流区土壤含水率较低,紫花苜蓿减产较大,蓄水区土壤含水率最低,但侧柏林生长旺盛。隔坡水平阶(林草带状混交)年均蒸散量为428.6mm,较梯田高2.2mm。     

家蚕超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)不同品种活性差异的研究

对西南农业大学家蚕基因库和育种室的114个家蚕品种及遗传系统进行了SOD活性调查，结果表明：SOD活性最高值达237.375U/ml，而最低值为38.372U/ml，平均值为140.08U/ml；品种间SOD活性差异较大，其品种及遗传系统的活性值分布图似正态分布，而一代杂交种的活性值居双亲活性值中间，并推测SOD活性受多基因支配，但也有主基因作用。中国二化性品种SOD活性值比日本二化性品种高20％左右。     

The Distribution of Bacteria (Other than Staphylococci and Propionibacterium acnes) on the Hair, at the Skin Surface and Within the Hair Follicles of Dogs

Résumé— La distribution des bactéries, autres que les staphlocoques sur la tige des poils, à la surface cutanée et dans les follicules pileux de 8 chiens est analysée. Sur la tige des poils Micrococcus spp. et les bactéries aérobies gram mégatifs sont plus nombreuses avec des numérations variant de 1,12 à 0,84 log₁₀ (colonies formant unites par cm²). Des nombres hautement significatifs (p < 0,05) sont également trouvés. A la surface cutanée Micrococcus spp. des bactéries aérobies gram négatifs et Clostridium sp. sont les plus nombreuses avec des numérations respectives variant de 0,62, 1,12 et 0,84 log₁₀ (colonies formant unités par cm²). Des nombres hautement significatifs (p < 0,05) de Micrococcus spp. sont trouvés de façon plus importante à l'intérieur des follicules pileux qu' à la surface cutanée, les Streptocoques et Bacillus sp. ont été trouvés respectivement sur cinq et quatre chiens. Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp. Nocardia sp. sont occasion-nellement trouvés. [HARVEY, R.G., LLOYD, D.H. The distribution of bacteria (other than Staphylococci and Propionibacterium acnes) on the hair, at the skin surface and within the hair follicles of dogs (Distribution des bactéries autres que Staphylococci et Propionibacterium acnes) sur le poil, à la surface de al peau et dans les follicules pileux). Resumen— Presentamos la localizatión de bacterias noestafilocócicas en el pelo, en la superficie cutánea y dentro del foliculo piloso de ocho perros. En los pelos, Micrococcus spp. abundantes, con contajes medios entre 1.12 a 0.84 Log₁₀ (unidades formadoras de colonias +1) cm^-1, respectivamente. Se encontró a nivel proximal un número significativamente mayor (p < 0.05) de bacterias aeróbicas gram-negativas y Bacillus spp. En la superficie cutánea, Micrococcus spp., las bacterias aeróbicas contajes medios de 0.62, 1.12 y 0.84 Log₁₀ (unidades formadoras de colonias +1) cm“², respectivamente. Se aisló un número significativamente mayor (p < 0.05) de Micrococcus spp. dentro de los foliculos pilosos que en la superficie cutánea (p < 0.05). Se aisló Streptococi y Bacillus spp. en cinco y cuatro perros, respectivamente. Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp. y Nocardia spp. fueron hallados ocasionalmente. [HARVEY, R.G., LLOYD, D.H. The distribution of bacteria (other than Staphylococci and Propionibacterium acnes) on the hair, at the skin surface and within the hair follicles of dogs (Localizatión de bacterias (exceptuando Staphilococci y Propionibacterium acnes) en el pelo, en la superficie cutánea y dentro de los foliculos pilosos). Abstract— The distribution of bacteria, other than staphylococci, on the hair shaft, at the skin surface and within the hair follicles of eight dogs is reported. On the hair shafts Micrococcus spp. and aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were most numerous, with mean counts ranging from 1.12 to 0.84 Log₁₀(colony forming units + 1) cm“¹ respectively. Significantly higher numbers (p < 0.05) of Gram-negative bacteria and Bacillus sp. were found proximally. At the skin surface Micrococcus spp., aerobic Gram-negative bacteria and Clostridium spp. were the most numerous with mean counts of 0.62, 1.12 and 0.84 Log₁₀(colony forming units + 1) cm”², respectively. Significantly higher numbers (p < 0.05) of Micrococcus spp. were found within the hair follicles than on the skin surface (p < 0.05). Streptococci and Bacillus spp. were found on five and four dogs, respectively. Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Nocardia spp. were occasionally found.     

检测实验动物弓形虫感染的两种PCR方法的建立和比较

为了建立敏感、稳定、特异的PCR检测体系，用于实验动物弓形虫感染的检测。采用B1基因设计引物，建立常规PCR，用P30基因设计引物，建立巢式PCR；用两种PCR方法检测实验感染弓形虫小鼠血液和腹腔波中的DNA动态变化；用巢式PCR检测自然状态下的普通级豚鼠、教学和科研用兔的弓形虫感染率，并和常规PCR检到结果比较。结果，巢式PCR可检测到1fgDNA含量，比常规PCR敏感lOO倍；对其他微生物DNA无交叉现象，特异性强；对同一样品重复检测3次，阴、阳性结果一致，稳定性好。小鼠感染弓形虫2d后，巢式PCR对小民腹腔液的阳性检出率为83．3％，对血液的阳性检出率为33．3％；感染3d后，腹腔液阳性检出率为100％；而常规PCR在小鼠感染3d和4d后才能在腹腔液和血液中检测到，检出率各为16．7％。受检普通级豚鼠没有感染弓形虫，教学和科研用兔的弓形虫总感染率为14．3％。结论认为，巢式PCR方法可用于实验动物弓形虫早期感染的检测，具有敏感性高、特务性强、稳定性好的特点。     

THE NON-CARDIAC DISTRIBUTION OF 99mTC-METHOXY-ISOBUTYL-ISONITRILE (SESTAMIBI) IN NORMAL BEAGLES

Technetium-99m methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (sestamibi) is a radiophartnaceutical used for the evaluation of myocardial perfusion. Increased uptake of sestamibi has also been documented in tumors. The objective of this study was to document the extracardiac biodistribution of ^99mTc sestamibi in the normal dog. Nine normal beagles were given 0.35 mCi/kg ^99mTc sestamibi intravenously, and 60 second images were made of the entire body at 1 hour post injection. A defined distribution pattern was recognized, with good visualization of the heart, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, kidneys, urinary bladder, popliteal lymph nodes, parotid salivary glands and zygomatic salivary glands. Splenic uptake was not seen.
Target to background ratios were calculated for all the regions listed, using background regions-of-interest with the smallest coefficient of variance for the denominator. The mean, range and standard deviation of these ratios are given.     

MENSURATION OF THE NORMAL PITUITARY GLAND FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES IN 96 DOGS

The pituitary gland was measured from transverse magnetic resonance T1-weighted images after Gadolinium administration in 96 dogs weighing from 13 to 45 kg. The measurements were done by hand with calipers. The mean (+/- standard deviation) pituitary gland height was 5.1 mm (+/-0.9 mm). The mean width was 6.4 mm (+/- 1.1 mm). The correlation coefficient between pituitary and brain measurements, between pituitary measurement and body weight, and brain measurements and body weight was 0.0 to 0.3. A hyperintense region was present on T1-weighted images in the center of the pituitary gland in 64% of the dogs. At necropsy the pituitary glands were grossly and histologically normal. No pituitary gland measurements were performed at necropsy.     

怀孕期高原鼢鼠生物学特征与环境因子的关系分析

选择甘肃天祝县高原鼢鼠(Mospalax baileyi)2个地理位置不同的栖息地为研究区,以高原鼢鼠体重、胎数、妊娠率和种群密度作为其生物学特征指标,以2011~2013年归一化植被指数(NDVI)、年均降水量和年均温度为环境因子,分析二者的相关关系。结果表明:2个研究区域NDVI存在显著性差异(P0.05);除了2011年和2013年雌性体重存在差异外,2个区域高原鼢鼠体重、妊娠率、平均胎数和种群密度均无显著性差异(P0.05);雌雄个体重和平均胎数与NDVI呈负相关关系,妊娠率和种群密度与NDVI呈正相关关系;雄性个体重、胎数和种群密度与年均温呈负相关关系,雌性个体重和妊娠率与年均温呈正相关关系;雄性个体重、妊娠率、胎数和种群密度与年均降水量呈正相关关系,雌性个体重与年均降水量呈负相关关系,但高原鼢鼠各生物学指标与环境因子相关性均不显著(P0.05)。说明,高原鼢鼠体重、妊娠率、胎数和种群密度的变化与栖息地环境因子没有直接关系,生物学特征受环境因子的影响较小。